Bilingual children Essays

Bilingual kids Essays Bilingual kids Essay Bilingual kids Essay Aftereffects of the investigation will assist instructors with finding the most ideal approach to train science in which bilingual kids will have the option to comprehend and apply outside the study hall. When all is said in done, consequences of the investigation will help in finding the most ideal approach to show kids who are restricted English capable so that these kids can comprehend and apply the exercises with different exercises. Additionally, the investigation will assist educators with preparing their understudies with certainty. In Chapter 2, a survey of writing is given. In this part, the meaning of bilingualism is talked about. Inquires about embraced on bilingual children’s psychological advancement are given. At that point bilingual training is characterized by writing. Authentic foundation on the advancement of bilingual training (1800s-1900s) is likewise given. The creator additionally examines passionate, etymological and scholarly issues bilingual instruction is worried about. Science training is additionally talked about in this part. Hypotheses applied in science instructing are examined. Critical thinking is given significance in the conversation on arithmetic instruction. Psychological foundation data on expansion, deduction duplication and division is likewise given which gives as premise to the word issues given to the members of the investigation. At long last, in this part, looks into done including science and bilingualism are given. Part 3 gives the hypothetical system utilized in the examination. The initial segment talks about Pask’s Conversation Theory and the subsequent part examined Landa’s Algo-Heuristic Theory. Part 4 gives the philosophy used to getting the outcomes required. This area clarifies the examination structure the investigation utilized. Test, test setting, method and information assortment and examination are talked about. The example and test setting for the investigation is talked about in the initial segment. In the subsequent part, the creator clarified the systems done from the pre-evaluation stage to the study hall setting to the last appraisal stage. The third part talked about how the information was gathered and broke down. In Chapter 5, results acquired from the analysis are examined. The students’ scores got in the pre-appraisal, expansion and deduction, duplication and division, and last evaluation assessments are appeared in the initial segment. In the subsequent part, results from the meeting are talked about. At long last, Chapter 6 closes the paper. The initial segment summed up the fundamental discoveries examined in Chapter 5. The subsequent part gives proposals for the instructors on the most proficient method to show arithmetic for comprehension to bilingual understudies. The third part gives confinements to the examination just as suggestions for future inquires about that can be carried on from this investigation. Bilingualism has no obvious definition yet however Shenker (no date) gave a definition regarding small kids. As per Shenker (no date), bilingual youngsters are â€Å"are those†¦ who talk/have been addressed in (at least two) dialects in the home since birth and who are addressed in just either of those two dialects at school. † (Shenker, no date). These kids may likewise be communicated in one language at home yet obtained (or is presented to) a second-language when they begin going to class. Bilingual youngsters were seen to have less invaluable circumstances than monolingual kids. This discernment was drastically changed in 1962 by Peal and Lambert. Ring and Lambert (1962) directed an examination in regards to the reason that bilingualism causes hindrance. Their examination arrived at the resolution that encounters from two societies give bilingual kids more noteworthy advantages than that accomplished by monolinguals, for example, expanded mental mastery and better capacity than think dynamically (Peal Lambert, 1962). Different inquires about demonstrate that bilingual kids have unrivaled exhibitions than their monolingual partners. Investigates show a relationship among bilingualism and more noteworthy psychological adaptability and familiarity with language (Cummins Culutsan, 1974; Diaz, 1983; Hakuta Diaz, 1984). Besides, bilingual kids were demonstrated to have increasingly successful controlled procedures. In spite of the fact that their investigation was led among grown-ups just, they by and large finished up â€Å"that controlled handling is done all the more viably by bilinguals and that bilingualism assists with counterbalancing age-related misfortunes in certain official processes† (Bialystok, Klein, Craik, Viswanathan, 2004).

Physical Appearance free essay sample

Appearances itself covers an endless measures of things like physical qualities, act, developments, manner of speaking, the grin, cleanliness, and various different things. Each human on the planet has their own appearance. The explanation is that they should be an effective individual, to arrive at beneficial things throughout everyday life. Be that as it may, the outside discernment that make about an individual here and there is definitely not a legitimate assessment. The story â€Å"The Temp† by Amelia Kahaney, presents an Asian lady with an advantageous appearance, having everything that a lady may need, anyway appearances are not all ways valid. Another is the Film Edward Scissorhands by Tim Burton, who presents a more youthful kid that had an uncommon and bizarre perspective, additionally the individuals murmured unpleasant and alarming things to him, however they didn't think about his enormous heart. In these two stories where two individuals with various appearances exhibited the significance of physical appearances in people’s every day life, since now during circumstances such as the present individuals layout feelings by what they see, not from what they think. We will compose a custom exposition test on Physical Appearance or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Individual appearance can be a definitive thing in any prospective employee meeting. The picture that an individual gives at the time of the gathering is of imperative significance. For any meeting individuals ought to be dressed proper and deferential, on the grounds that a great many people utilize more the feeling of sight than the ear. In â€Å"The Temp† Karen the chief character was the lovely Asian lady with an ideal advancement. Exactly when she went to the workplace her early introduction was great for mates who went to work with her. They respect the temp from the second they saw her. Indeed, even at the time when Karen said the main words, they believed that she was a superb lady. She talked and French-breathed in at the same time and it made her look smart† (Kahaney 293). Likewise, when Karen smoked she was begrudged. She was an extremely sharp lady. She had the capacity to persuade individuals; all that she said anybody trust it. â€Å"She caused us to feel like preferable individuals over we really were† (Kahaney 296). At that point, following seven days Karen was prepared to leave the workplace. Her associates were exceptionally miserable that she needed to go. They accepted that she was great and exceptionally brilliant to leave this activity. In any case, they saw that she was taking office supplies in her tote. â€Å"Things are not generally as they appear; the principal appearance misleads many† (Phaedrus). At last, they understood that she was something contrary to her appearance. From that point forward, they attempted to discover different approaches to show signs of improvement occupations, continually recollecting all the things that she said. In Edward Scissorhands the film by Tim Burton, he presents an odd and ghoulish youngster who lived in a spot extremely alarming that was detached from the outside world. Edward, who had scissors rather than hands, was not a beast but rather neither a person. Nonetheless, the most significant thing was that he had graciousness and a major heart. Edward was absolutely unadulterated, with an unbelievable honesty. As a result to his honesty, terrible and indecent individuals exploited him; he was utilized like an item. They utilized Edward to go into to a bizarre house with the reason to take, due to activities like that; guiltlessness is lost and acceptable individuals changed for the more terrible â€Å"All things really evil beginning from innocence† (Hemingway). In these two stories Karen and Edward were altogether different. Individuals ought to acknowledge exactly how significant and genuine appearances can be. Karen a lovely lady, begrudged for all associates yet she turned into a cheat of basic things. Also, Edward a youngster that that with his looks caused dread and dread. Be that as it may, he was altogether different than what his appearance appeared. Other than he had unadulterated and earnest sentiments of adoration. Individuals should take at the top of the priority list that we are so essential to God and not consider others much. â€Å"Lord seethâ not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, yet the Lordâ looketh on the heart†. (Heavenly Bible 1. Samuel 16:7) Unfortunately we face a daily reality such that physical appearance has incredible significance. The general public is a factor that imprints style and excellence generalizations that doesn't relate to the real world. That causes various individuals to feel not calm with those models that society forces. Consequently numerous youngsters attempt to change their appearance and settle on terrible decisions just to feel as an ideal individual. Individuals ought to consistently attempt to put their best self forward, anyway we ought to never change who we truly are only for our appearances. Furthermore, individuals should show who they really are and should act as indicated by their own qualities, without enjoying the entire world. Additionally, individuals ought not reprimand just by the manner in which somebody looks since they might be totally different in within. The world needs to acknowledge everybody for who they truly are inside and not only for what they wear.

The Power of Rhetoric Cassius’ Manipulation of Brutus - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"For who so firm that cannot be seduced?† (1.2.312). Cassius’ muttered soliloquy in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar immediately calls attention to his goal of manipulating people. A man well versed in rhetoric, he puts to good use his knowledge of persuading and convincing other men. Nowhere in this play is his ability more apparent than when he lures Brutus into joining his plot to assassinate Caesar. While presenting himself as a concerned friend, Cassius secretly manipulates Brutus using a firm knowledge of his desires and fears. Along with the juxtaposition of Brutus and Caesar and impelling word choice, Cassius successfully seduces Brutus to join his scheme to slay Caesar.Cassius first establishes himself as a dependable, trustworthy ally of Brutus. After telling Brutus that he will be his mirror, Cassius asks Brutus to â€Å"hold [him] dangerous† if he were but a â€Å"common laughter† or if he did â€Å"fawn on menâ⠂¬  and later â€Å"scandal them† (1.2.72, 75-78). This declaration is an open invitation for Brutus to challenge Cassius’ moral character. As John Dove remarks, â€Å"Clearly no man issues such a challenge unless securely confident that it cannot be taken up† (Dove). Brutus first judges if Cassius has performed any of the described deeds, as thissyllogism requires men that do such deeds to be considered dangerous. Cassius knows that Brutus will not deem him treacherous once he determines false the minor premise—that Cassius has done none of these deeds. Brutus, who must judge Cassius’ morals, indeed gives these sentences much weight. Through the ensuing 80 lines, while Cassius criticizes Caesar, Brutus barely utters a word. When finally he speaks, he replies â€Å"That you do love me, I am nothing jealous† (1.2.162). His words do not reference anything that Cassius had said immediately preceding Brutus’ entrance. They actually refer to Cassius’ original declaration of sincerity to him near the beginning of their conversation. Brutus has clearly spent much time pondering Cassius’ statements. Indeed, as Dove asserts, â€Å"It is as though he has not heard [Cassius’ criticism of Caesar], as though he has spent most of the interim pondering Cassiuss bold assertion that his friendship, once given, is incorruptible† (Dove). Cassius has pressed Brutus to make a determination of Cassius’ loyalty, and Brutus consciously realizes that he can rely on him. After carefully addressing him, Cassius is now armed with Brutus’ trust.However, Cassius still plans to present himself as a caring, humble friend. When first approaching Brutus after Caesar has left, he comments that he is worried about his companion; Brutus bears â€Å"too stubborn and too strange a hand† over Cassius, a â€Å"friend that loves† him (2.1.35-36). By presenting himself as a close friend concerned a bout Brutus’ behavior, Cassius makes Brutus feel guilty if he does not fully trust and confide in him. Along with his presentation, Cassius’ informal tone and amiable approach lower Brutus’ defenses—so Cassius proceeds with seducing him. He continues by stating that he will tell Brutus how others perceive him—Cassius will be his â€Å"glass† that will â€Å"modestly discover to [Brutus] / That of [him] which [he] yet know[s] not of† (1.2.68-70). Not only does Cassius seem sincere in helping Brutus, but he also flatters him by revealing the high regard in which other citizens hold him. Additionally, Cassius’ logic—a glass will reflect Brutus’ self—appeals to the rational minded Brutus. Always alert to any opportunity gain Brutus’ favor, even after accomplishing his goal—Brutus promising to give consideration to his ideas—Cassius remarks that he is glad that his â€Å"weak words / Have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus† (1.2.175-77). With utilization of understatement, Cassius averts Brutus thinking that he is a polished speaker enflaming Brutus to action. Instead, he is simply a humble man stating his opinion. Brutus, feeling comfortable making a decision based on his own ideas, is much more likely to side with Cassius. Having completed gaining credibility with Brutus as an unassuming friend, Cassius is ready to impugn Caesar’s leadership.Cassius begins by taking advantage of Brutus’ belief in Stoicism. He remarks to Brutus that he has heard â€Å"many of the best respect in Rome† are â€Å"groaning underneath this ages yoke† (1.2.59, 61). By revealing to Brutus that some Romans have found Caesar’s rule oppressive and burdensome, Cassius forces him to reconsider his position as Caesar’s stalwart. If people are suffering, it is Brutus’ duty to help Rome to rid itself of the oppressor, as he must pu t the people’s will first and foremost. Then Cassius, anticipating Brutus’ belief that Caesar’s rule might be part of the natural order of the world, assures him that it is not so: â€Å"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings† (1.2.140-41). Brutus’ philosophy subjugates him to the inherent order of the earth, so he might have felt obliged to submit himself to Caesar. By reassuring Brutus that Caesar has become a tyrant not because of fate, but only because of Brutus’ own inaction, Cassius liberates Brutus from accepting Caesar’s rule without question. Cassius reconciles Brutus’ Stoicism and assassinating Caesar, allowing Brutus to join his conspiracy without disregarding his philosophic principles.Cassius then follows by juxtaposing both himself, Brutus, and Caesar to illustrate the inordinate disparity that exists among them. As Cassius prepares to recount Caesar’s physic al weaknesses, he ponders that he â€Å"was born free as Caesar,† as was Brutus; â€Å"Both have fed as well† he declares, and both can â€Å"Endure the winter’s cold as well as he† (1.2.97-99). By drawing parallels between Brutus, Caesar and himself, Cassius reveals how similar the three really are. Brutus, observing that Caesar in fact holds no more physical prowess than he or Cassius, can conclude that Caesar has no more right to rule than he. Additionally, Cassius phrases this sentence in a way that pits both himself and Brutus against Caesar. Finding such common ground between them makes Brutus feel like a partner of Cassius. Cassius continues, and after recalling Caesar’s physical frailty, rhetorically questions Brutus before juxtaposing Brutus’ and Caesar’s names. â€Å"Why should [Caesar’s] name be sounded more that yours?† he questions Brutus—his â€Å"is as fair a name,† as â€Å"heavy† a name , and â€Å"will start a spirit as soon† as Caesar’s name will (1.2.143-47). The parallel structure of this juxtaposition emphasizes each point of equality between Brutus’ and Caesar’s names. Just as each part of their names is equal, so should be each facet of their political power. Cassius’ rhetorical question additionally plays to Brutus’ pride, provoking him to consider why he, with all of his accomplishments, is judged inferior to Caesar. After demonstrating that Caesar is no more powerful than Brutus, Cassius is ready to appeal to Brutus’ emotions.Cassius follows by emotionally invoking Brutus’ ancestor, who â€Å"would have brooked / Th’ eternal devil to keep his state in Rome / As easily as a king† (1.2.159-61). He appeals to Brutus’ feelings, knowing that upon remembering his ancestors who drove out Rome’s last tyrant, Brutus will feel guilty about letting this current one rule. Cassiu s’ assertion is almost a dare: will Brutus dishonor his ancestors or take part in Caesar’s assassination? Also, before Cassius lists Caesar’s faults, he proclaims to Brutus that â€Å"honor is the subject† of his story (1.2.93). Cassius uses the word â€Å"honor† because he knows that for Brutus, to whom honor and integrity are all important, this sentence will lend an air of legitimacy to his claims. If he appealed to any lower motive than Brutus’ honor and pride, Brutus would ignore him. Conversely, Brutus is likely to listen to Cassius if â€Å"honor† is indeed his subject, because to not do so would be to debase his own value of honor.In this play, Cassius’ firm grasp of rhetoric and his ability to influence others make his speech convincing and cogent. He bases his persuasion of Brutus to join Caesar’s assassination not only upon his intimate understanding of him, but also upon moving speech that provokes Brutusâ⠂¬â„¢ emotion and pride. Cassius though, is merely one of many characters utilizing the power of rhetoric in this play. However, he can count himself among those who are able to present a compelling argument and successfully sway their audience. Works CitedDove, John, and Peter Gamble. Lovers in Peace Brutus and Cassius: a Re-Examination. English Studies 60.5 (2003): 543-554. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group. Kingwood HS Lib., Kingwood. 1 Feb. 2008 .Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Elements of Literature: Fourth Course. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2000. 776-877.

Wireless System Security Issues Essay

Importance of Wireless Systems Security Today, we can hardly deny the fact that a person who possesses information rules the world. Information is a very valuable and sometimes expensive knowledge that can be used for the benefit of its owner; and it isn’t a secret that many enterprises and individuals use mainly wireless systems to share this useful information with their partners. Wireless networks are widespread and used by different organizations and individuals. They provide many opportunities and benefits for their users, but at the same time bring some problems; the main issue is information security. It has become really vital because at present a hacker can get access through one wireless laptop used by the company to its whole network. For professional hackers wireless networks are relatively easy to crack into if appropriate security measures are not introduced. Thus, it is extremely important for people to find effective wireless security means to protect their valuable information against unauthorized access. It is really difficult to guard information, because cracking methods have become very sophisticated and innovative, but it is possible. Though I’m not a specialist in this sphere, I think that in order to prevent negative effects of information disclosure, enterprises can use only local networks to store useful information and it’s better to divide it into separate blocks so that employees had access only to a definite part of information that is necessary to perform their work. I believe that it is possible to use wireless systems to share useful information if the company takes all the necessary measures to prevent its disclosure. Wireless systems security should be one of the main branches of the company’s activities if it wants to compete successfully on the market.

The Pathophysiology Of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 And 2

The Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2 According to the National Diabetes Statistics Report from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2012, it revealed that 29.1 million of the American population has diabetes with 1.7 million new diagnoses each year. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and costs over 176 billion dollars per year. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to the dysfunction of the pancreas. The two most common categories of diabetes mellitus are type 1 and type 2 (Huether McCance, 2012). In order to understand the differences and similarities between type 1 and type 2, the pathophyisology, assessment findings, and treatments of each type will be examined. Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 diabetes is due to the autoimmune destruction of beta-cells. Within the pancreas, one of the cell types in the islets of Langerhans is beta cells. These beta cells are responsible for releasing insulin to regulate normal blood sugar levels. Although the mechanisms of beta cell destruction are not completely clear, it is suspected that individuals with type 1 have interferon-alpha expression due to a viral infection, which may cause the hyperexpression of class 1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by beta cells (Richardson, Morgan, Foulis 2014). The class 1 MHC molecules are markers to help cytotoxic CD8 T-cells to recognize and destroyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 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What isRead MoreEndocrine Research Paper Pathophysiology: Diabetes Mellitus1384 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation)(Diabetes Facts). When people think about epidemics that affect the world today, the first ones that usually come to mind are those that kill of millions of people every year such as HIV, malaria, or the influenza. There are even those that haven’t been as deadly but have gained extreme notoriety such as the H1N1 virus, cholera, and anthrax. For this paper forget about HIV, H1N1, cholera, and the influenza; introducing Diabetes mellitus: a silent epidemic. Diabetes mellitus or commonlyRead More Diabetes Mellitus Essay examples1745 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a chronic health condition in which the body either fails to produce the amount of insulin needed or it responds inadequately to the insulin secreted by the pancreas. The three primary types of diabetes are: Diabetes Type 1 and 2, and during some pregnancies, Gestational diabetes. The clichà © for all three types of diabetes is high glucose blood levels or hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology of all types of diabetes mellitus is related to the hormone insulinRead MoreDiabetes And Drug Treatment Of Diabetes799 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes and Drug Treatments Diabetes represents one of the most challenging disorders facing the United States population. Diabetes can be classified as Diabetes Mellitus type I, Diabetes Mellitus type II, Gestational Diabetes, and secondary diabetes from other conditions. At least 90% of diabetes is type 2, and the complications could be avoided by carefully managing hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia (Wilbur, 2013). Therefore, the healthcare industry is spending vast amounts of time

Change Management Workforce Alignment

Question: Describe about the Change Management for Workforce Alignment. Answer: Introduction The Current Change Management can be described as a management, which helps in introducing new type of technologies in an organization for performing a large variety of tasks successfully. New processes can be easily introduced with the help of the change management, which further helps in managing the people of the organization as per according to the changes made. The successful implementation of the current change management depends upon the type of business an organization is carrying out and it also depends upon the type of the people or the customers getting involved in that vary process. The current change management is a structural type of approach, which is very beneficial for any small, medium or large organization for implementing any type of process or the change in the organization, which helps in achieving a large variety of benefits smoothly and efficiently. Different models of Change management The current change management of the organization can perform successfully if and only if all the members of that organization would participate in each and every step or the change of the organization in an effective and efficient manner. It should take some time for the people of the organization to start performing according to the new change introduced in the organization, so it is the responsibility of the change management of the company to take several steps for the people so that they can easily adopt those several changes. The success of the change management consists of various steps or factors like:- Planning In the planning phase, the complete description about why the change is required in the organization is clearly mentioned and it also describes the various advantages and disadvantages of that particular change (Normandin, 2012). Informed stakeholders This phase shows the commitment of the various stakeholders of the company, for the effective participation of all of them in the change introduces within the organization. Making the people aware about the several changes is also the responsibility of these stakeholders. Workforce alignment This phase of the current change management provides the description about the impacts on the people due to the change made in the organization. It also provides the information and several methods to the management of the company for the aligning the people of the company together for the sake of the company (Connelly, 2016). Current change management is responsible for affecting the company as well as the various people connected to the company. The successful implementation of any type of change is directly dependent upon the work done by each and every employee individually in a specific time period (Bourda, 2013). Various theories of the current change management are described in the report below. Lewins 3-Stage Model of Change This model was developed by Kurt Lewin in the year 1947, for understanding the various factors related to the change required in the organization. This model consists of three different- different stages related to the change introduces and it is also known as Unfreeze- Change Refreeze model of the change management. This model provides the description about the change made within the organization with the help of the strategy of the change in shape of the ice block. The three different stages of this model are discussed below. Unfreeze stage It helps the management of the organization in selecting the important changes required for the goodwill of the company or an organization. Provides new techniques for performing several operations. Provides a methodology for accomplishing the various changes required. It challenges the various beliefs, attitude and the policies of the company In this stage, the expectations of uncertainty are more. Change stage It helps the people in adopting new methods for accomplishing the various tasks assigned to them by the organization. The behavior of the people related to the organization starts changing. Active participation of the people can be seen, according to the change introduced (Hartzell, 2016). Refreeze stage Desirable shape can be seen in the working methods of the employees of the company as per according to the change introduced It provides complete information about the job to be performed. Future beliefs can be seen easily due to various efforts made by the people regarding to their job. Rewarding the people of the organization for the efforts made by them, which helps in motivating them as well as the other people of the organization for the successful achievements of their goals in the future for the sake of the company overall profit. Lewins model can be easily implemented in any small, medium or large organization, working according to three steps discussed above. This model helps the management in judging the reactions of the people of the organization regarding to the several changes introduces in that company. It helps in the successful implementation of the several changes required by making several effective impacts on the communication between the people of the company with each other and it empowers the people to work effectively and efficiently as per according to the change required by the company or an organization. Proscis Change management and ADKAR Model This theory is the mixture of various lessons related to the changes required. Firstly preparation is done according to the change, secondly the plan is selected. It helps the management to successfully implement the change without facing any problem during the whole process. ADKAR model consists of different factors or in other words, we can say that, ADKAR stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. According to this model, the first task for the organization is to understand the method used to manage the change introduced within the organization starting from a group of people or from a single person. The successful implementation of the change by using this model consists of various factors, which are as discussed below. Each and every person of the company or an organization should have complete knowledge about the change required and should also have the knowledge about the requirement of that change in the particular organization (Team, 2016). An individual must have desire to work in the new environment with respect to that particular change. An individual should perform effectively in the new environment introduced by the management of the organization. Should have the ability of sustainable change by the reinforcement process. With the help of the above discussed factors, the organization can achieve its several goals by making the effective use of this model. Kotters 8-Step Change Model The successful implementation of the change required in the company according to this model is mainly dependent upon the percentage of the employees of the company getting involved in the various changes introduced by the management. According to the Kotters model, approximately 80 per cent of the employees should actively participate in the change required by the company. The eight important steps of this model are as discussed below. Step 1 In this step, the importance of the change introduced in the organization is shown to each and every person of the company so that, people can easily perform the various tasks assigned to them as soon as possible. Step 2 - In this step, employees of the company are distributed in different- different groups according to their skills so that, they can perform their tasks in a certain period of time (Kotter International, 2016). Step 3 In the third step of the Kotters model, a specific plan or a strategy is selected by the management of the company for accomplishing various tasks. Step 4 In this step, the main focus of the management of the company is on the goals to be achieved for a better future of the company. Step 5 - In this step, the management focuses on finding the solutions of the various problems being faced by the employees of the company, while accomplishing the task of change. Step 6 In the sixth step of the model, the employees of the company are rewarded for the various efforts made by them for the benefit of the organization. Step 7 In this step, the management of the company focuses on the hiring process of the employees for the company, so that they can easily help the company in achieving its several goals (Heraclitus, 2015). Step 8 In the last step of this model, the management makes various efforts for making connections between the success of the organization and the new behavior introduced due the new change. The Change Curve Model The various transition steps involved in the change are discussed in this model. With respect to the other models of the change management, this one is the strongest model of the current change management theory. Communication between the people in this model is a critical step. This model consists of four different- different steps, which are according to mentioned below. Stage 1 At this first stage of the model the status is quo and the stage at this step is of shock. As compared to the others, this step requires more time for providing solutions to the problems being faced. Stage 2 In the second step of this model, the stage is of disruption and the stage is about anger. The employees of the company feel stress at this very step of this model. Therefore, an organization needs to take several steps for avoiding these types of problems (Jaffe Scott, 2016). Stage 3 At the third stage of this model, the state is of exploration and the reaction is acceptance. Training is provided to the employees of the company so that, they can easily cope up with the various difficulties being faced by them during the implementation of any type of change I the organization. Stage 4 This is the last stage of this model, state at this step is about rebuilding and the commitment is the reaction. The various changes required by the organization are being tested at this stage. The management keeps an eye on the various benefits adopted due to the change introduced and thus, the celebration of the final success is made. Conclusion In the todays world, the change management is familiar with almost all the organizations working in the country. A nice change management easily connects more and more people towards itself and motivates them from time to time for effective and efficient implementation of current change management process in the organization. References Bourda, F., 2013. Change Management Theories and Methodologies: TCS, Available at: https://www.tcs.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/White%20Papers/EntSol-Whitepaper-Change-Management-Theories-Methodologies-0213-1.pdf Connelly, M., 2016. Change Management Models. Powerful solutions for positive change, Available at: https://www.change-management-coach.com/change-management-models.html Hartzell, S., 2016. Lewin's 3-Stage Model of Change: Unfreezing, Changing Refreezing, Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/lewins-3-stage-model-of-change-unfreezing-changing-refreezing.html Heraclitus, 2015. Kotter's 8-Step Change Model: Implementing Change Powerfully and Successfully: APHL, Available at: https://www.aphl.org/courses/Documents/2015/Kotter's%208-Step%20Change%20Model.pdf Jaffe, D. Scott, C., 2016. Mastering the Change Curve, Available at: https://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Journal/Current-Past-Book-Reviews/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/903/Mastering-the-Change-Curve-Second-Edition.aspx Kotter International, 2016. Kotters 8-Step Process for Leading Change, Available at: https://www.kotterinternational.com/the-8-step-process-for-leading-change/ Normandin, B., 2012. Three Types of Change Management Models, Available at: https://www.quickbase.com/blog/three-types-of-change-management-models Team, P., 2016. What is the ADKAR Model. [Online] Available at: https://www.prosci.com/adkar/adkar-model

Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s “Concrete Angel” Essay Example

Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Child abuse is a escalating problem in the United States. According to the National Child Abuse Statistics, four children die every day from abuse, and three out of four of these children are under the age of four (Childhelp 2006). Three million cases of child abuse are reported in the United States every year, but some experts believe that there are at least three times as many cases that are not reported (Childhelp 2006). In 2003, country singer Martina McBride released a single song to radio that brought the topic of child abuse to the forefront of many listeners minds (Fabian 2007). This song was entitled â€Å"Concrete Angel.† â€Å"Concrete Angel† is the story of a young, school aged girl who is suffering from physical abuse at the hands of her parents. The child in the song shows signs of abuse such as wearing the same clothes every day, attempting to cover bruises, and crying out in the night (Yahoo! Music 2007). Despite a teacher and neighbors noticing that there may be a problem, they never attempt to ask the child or intervene on her behalf (Yahoo! Music 2007). Because of their hesitancy to become involved, the girl dies from abuse. All that is left of her by the end of the song is a grave that is marked with a â€Å"concrete angel† (Yahoo! Music 2007). The term â€Å"concrete angel† also applied to the child while she was alive. She was unable to â€Å"rise above† her terrible circumstances, but â€Å"dreams (gave) her wings† and in those dreams she would â€Å"fly to a place where she’s loved† (Yahoo! Music 2007). This, in the minds of the songwriter s, was the very definition of a â€Å"concrete angelâ€Å" (Feek 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The songwriters who penned â€Å"Concrete Angel† are Rob Crosby and Stephanie Bentley (Feek 2006). Some people incorrectly believe that Martina McBride both wrote and recorded the song, but that fact could be attributed to McBride’s involvement with child abuse charities after the song was released. Crosby was interviewed about the writing of the song after McBride released it. He told interviewers that Bentley had the idea of placing a â€Å"concrete angel† in a song, but they initially did not know who the angel should be (Feek 2006). A few possibilities were tossed around until they came up with the idea for an abused child (Feek 2006). Crosby stated that he and Bentley felt that the song had touched a lot of people (Feek 2006). In addition to the song, the music video that accompanied it gave the number for Child Help USA at the end (Feek 2006). Crosby related that he had been told of instances where an abused child had seen the video and called the number th emselves (Feek 2006). He said that the knowledge that the song had a positive impact was very â€Å"gratifying† (Feek 2006). After Martina McBride released â€Å"Concrete Angel† on a greatest hits album, people began to send stories and words of thanks by email and posts to her website (Fabian 2007). Some of these people were social workers and child abuse investigators, but many were survivors of child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride was already involved with the National Domestic Violence Hotline through her songs â€Å"Broken Wing† and â€Å"Independence Day,† but the response to â€Å"Concrete Angel† made her want to become more involved with groups preventing child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). This led to her involvement with the Prevent Child Abuse America campaign (Frontpage Publicity 2007). Not only did she use the song â€Å"Concrete Angel† to stir others to action, but she also taped a personal plea for help and action to find child abuse sufferers and save them from their fate (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride’s actions have no doubt sav ed many abused women and children. She seems to choose songs that focus on problems plaguing the world, such as abuse, addiction, and poverty. Even though the songs are not always a commercial success, McBride is able to say that she uses her gift of music for more than just the money it can bring. She uses her beautiful voice to bring help to the needy, and hope to the hopeless. Unfortunately, despite the moving words of â€Å"Concrete Angel,† child abuse cases continue to rise. It seems that the song has not made a large impact on abusers, but every little bit helps. More than a few victims of abuse have been changed over to crusaders against abuse. Many people who did not realize what an enormous problem child abuse in the United States was have been educated, and hopefully some have been moved to report seeing children who look unusually bruised and unkempt to the proper authorities. In fact, the rise in the number of reported child abuse cases could be looked at as a hopeful thing instead of a tragedy. Perhaps people have been encouraged to report child abuse since â€Å"Concrete Angel† moved Martina McBride to bring the issue into the spotlight. When all is said and done, â€Å"Concrete Angel† put child abuse out into the open and served as a shock to people who would have rather not heard such a heart wrenching song. Because it got a lot of airplay on many different types of radio, many people were exposed to the shocking lyrics. Many more saw the music video and paid attention, even thought it was very hard to watch. Even though the writers did not even start out writing a song about child abuse, they felt that once they had the idea the song basically â€Å"wrote itself† (Feek 2006). We cannot ever be sure of how many people were saved by this unplanned song, but we do know its impact on the world. It has moved many people to activism, and perhaps one day we will be able to see a positive change in the number of child abuse cases. If we do, we can thank people like Rob Crosby, Stephanie Bentley, and Martina McBride. When people put need over potential commercial success, a lot of good can come from it. †Å"Concrete Angel† has become a rallying cry for many, and perhaps it will save many children from the fate of becoming a â€Å"concrete angel.† Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Example Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† Essay Child abuse is a escalating problem in the United States. According to the National Child Abuse Statistics, four children die every day from abuse, and three out of four of these children are under the age of four (Childhelp 2006). Three million cases of child abuse are reported in the United States every year, but some experts believe that there are at least three times as many cases that are not reported (Childhelp 2006). In 2003, country singer Martina McBride released a single song to radio that brought the topic of child abuse to the forefront of many listeners minds (Fabian 2007). This song was entitled â€Å"Concrete Angel.† â€Å"Concrete Angel† is the story of a young, school aged girl who is suffering from physical abuse at the hands of her parents. The child in the song shows signs of abuse such as wearing the same clothes every day, attempting to cover bruises, and crying out in the night (Yahoo! Music 2007). Despite a teacher and neighbors noticing that there may be a problem, they never attempt to ask the child or intervene on her behalf (Yahoo! Music 2007). Because of their hesitancy to become involved, the girl dies from abuse. All that is left of her by the end of the song is a grave that is marked with a â€Å"concrete angel† (Yahoo! Music 2007). The term â€Å"concrete angel† also applied to the child while she was alive. She was unable to â€Å"rise above† her terrible circumstances, but â€Å"dreams (gave) her wings† and in those dreams she would â€Å"fly to a place where she’s loved† (Yahoo! Music 2007). This, in the minds of the songwriter s, was the very definition of a â€Å"concrete angelâ€Å" (Feek 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protesting Child Abuse Martina McBride’s â€Å"Concrete Angel† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The songwriters who penned â€Å"Concrete Angel† are Rob Crosby and Stephanie Bentley (Feek 2006). Some people incorrectly believe that Martina McBride both wrote and recorded the song, but that fact could be attributed to McBride’s involvement with child abuse charities after the song was released. Crosby was interviewed about the writing of the song after McBride released it. He told interviewers that Bentley had the idea of placing a â€Å"concrete angel† in a song, but they initially did not know who the angel should be (Feek 2006). A few possibilities were tossed around until they came up with the idea for an abused child (Feek 2006). Crosby stated that he and Bentley felt that the song had touched a lot of people (Feek 2006). In addition to the song, the music video that accompanied it gave the number for Child Help USA at the end (Feek 2006). Crosby related that he had been told of instances where an abused child had seen the video and called the number th emselves (Feek 2006). He said that the knowledge that the song had a positive impact was very â€Å"gratifying† (Feek 2006). After Martina McBride released â€Å"Concrete Angel† on a greatest hits album, people began to send stories and words of thanks by email and posts to her website (Fabian 2007). Some of these people were social workers and child abuse investigators, but many were survivors of child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride was already involved with the National Domestic Violence Hotline through her songs â€Å"Broken Wing† and â€Å"Independence Day,† but the response to â€Å"Concrete Angel† made her want to become more involved with groups preventing child abuse (Frontpage Publicity 2007). This led to her involvement with the Prevent Child Abuse America campaign (Frontpage Publicity 2007). Not only did she use the song â€Å"Concrete Angel† to stir others to action, but she also taped a personal plea for help and action to find child abuse sufferers and save them from their fate (Frontpage Publicity 2007). McBride’s actions have no doubt sav ed many abused women and children. She seems to choose songs that focus on problems plaguing the world, such as abuse, addiction, and poverty. Even though the songs are not always a commercial success, McBride is able to say that she uses her gift of music for more than just the money it can bring. She uses her beautiful voice to bring help to the needy, and hope to the hopeless. Unfortunately, despite the moving words of â€Å"Concrete Angel,† child abuse cases continue to rise. It seems that the song has not made a large impact on abusers, but every little bit helps. More than a few victims of abuse have been changed over to crusaders against abuse. Many people who did not realize what an enormous problem child abuse in the United States was have been educated, and hopefully some have been moved to report seeing children who look unusually bruised and unkempt to the proper authorities. In fact, the rise in the number of reported child abuse cases could be looked at as a hopeful thing instead of a tragedy. Perhaps people have been encouraged to report child abuse since â€Å"Concrete Angel† moved Martina McBride to bring the issue into the spotlight. When all is said and done, â€Å"Concrete Angel† put child abuse out into the open and served as a shock to people who would have rather not heard such a heart wrenching song. Because it got a lot of airplay on many different types of radio, many people were exposed to the shocking lyrics. Many more saw the music video and paid attention, even thought it was very hard to watch. Even though the writers did not even start out writing a song about child abuse, they felt that once they had the idea the song basically â€Å"wrote itself† (Feek 2006). We cannot ever be sure of how many people were saved by this unplanned song, but we do know its impact on the world. It has moved many people to activism, and perhaps one day we will be able to see a positive change in the number of child abuse cases. If we do, we can thank people like Rob Crosby, Stephanie Bentley, and Martina McBride. When people put need over potential commercial success, a lot of good can come from it. †Å"Concrete Angel† has become a rallying cry for many, and perhaps it will save many children from the fate of becoming a â€Å"concrete angel.†

Lost Foam Casting Essays

Lost Foam Casting Essays Lost Foam Casting Paper Lost Foam Casting Paper LOST FOAM CASTING ABSTRACT: The Report presents some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the casting of alloys in lost foam moulds. The stages of the procedure, the economic benefits and several ecological aspects are synthetically presented. KEY WORDS: casting, alloys, lost foam process, Expanded polystyrene Introduction The lost foam casting process offers several advantages over conventional sand casting processes, such as simplified production techniques and reduced environmental waste due to binder system emissions and sand disposal. The process is well-suited for castings with complex geometries, tight tolerances, and smooth as-cast surface finish requirements. When the castings are designed to fully exploit these advantages, cleaning and machining times are dramatically reduced if not completely eliminated. Therefore, the lost foam casting process is viewed as a value-added process rather than a substitute for sand casting. Lost foam castings are produced by pouring molten metal into a foam pattern contained in a flask filled with loose sand that is compacted through vibration. Generally speaking, a foam pattern is coated with a refractory slurry and dried before being placed in the flask and surrounded by large grain fineness sand. The foam pattern degrades immediately after molten metal is introduced, leaving a casting that duplicates all features of the foam pattern. The degradation products are vented into the loose sand. In lost foam casting process, mold filling, thermal transport, and solidification are strongly influenced by the foam pattern degradation. There are three phenomena which are inherent in lost foam casting process: slow molten metal flow, reducing atmosphere, and degradation products. The first and second phenomena help reduce oxides or slag defects. The last one, however, may become casting defects if they remain in the cast parts. To improve lost foam casting design, it is ssential to understand the interactions between the foam pattern and molten metal as well as the displacement of degradation products. History The first patent for an evaporative-pattern casting process was filed in April 1956, by H. F. Shroyer. He patented the use of foam patterns embedded in traditional green sand for metal casting. In his patent, a pattern was machined from a block of expanded polystyrene (EPS), and supported by bonded sand during pouring . This process is now known as the full mold process. In 1964, M. C. Flemmings used unbonded sand for the process. The first North American foundry to use evaporative-pattern casting was the Robinson Foundry at Alexander City, Alabama. General motors first product using these processes was the 4. 3L, V-6 diesel cylinder head, which were made in 1981 at Massena, New York. A study found in 1997 that evaporative-pattern casting processes accounted for approximately 140,000 tons of aluminum casting in the United States. The same survey forecast that evaporative-pattern casting processes would account for 29% of the aluminum, and 14% of the ferrous casting markets in the near future. Definition Definition| A casting process whereby the pettern is made of polystyrene foam and is vaporized when the mold is fill with molten metal| Lost form consist of first making a foam pattern having the geometry of the desire finish metal| Expanded polystyrene casting use a mold or sand park around a polystyrene pattern that vapourizes when the molten metal is poured into the mold| Evaporating pattern casting (lost foam) : this process is also know as lost pattern casting under a trade name â€Å"full mold process†, it use a polystyrene pattern which evaporate upon contact with molten metal to form a cavity for the casting| Lost foam casting, where the mould cavity is filled with polystyrene foam (the ‘full mould’ process) , is a special case. | What is â€Å"Lost Foam†? The Lost Foam casting process originated in 1958 when H. F. Shroyer was granted a patent for a cavity-less casting method, using a polystyrene foam pattern embedded in traditional green sand. The polystyrene foam pattern left in the sand is decomposed by the poured molten metal. The metal replaces the foam pattern, exactly duplicating all of the features of the original pattern. Like other investment casting methods, this requires that a pattern be produced for every casting poured because it is evaporated (â€Å"lost†) in the process. Schematic of lost for casting Process The essential steps of the lost foam casting procedure are: 1) The execution of patterns, 2) Execution of moulds 3) casting the alloy. Execution of Patterns: A pattern is made from  polystyrene foam (Expanded Polysterene), which can be done many different. What is Expanded Polystyrene? Expanded Polystyrene in its broadest sense is a rigid cellular plastic which is found in a multitude of shapes and applications. Raw Material Manufacturing: Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is the most commonly used foam pattern, it can be produced by bead pre-expansion into polystyrene (PS) beads that are ready for moulding. PS precursors are formed from ethyl benzene through an aluminum catalyst with benzene and ethylene obtained from crude oil and natural gas [Shivkumar, 1994]. Ethyl benzene is then converted to styrene at high temperature with nitrogen gas and iron catalysts. It forms polystyrene when exposed to a peroxide catalyst and polymerized in a water solution [Goria et al. , 1986]. These unexpanded beads have a density of 600 g/l (38 pounds per cubic feet (pcf)) and they are expanded 20~50 times with heat at 100 oC until the desired density is reached [Kanicki, 1985]. Polystyrene (PS) MOLECULAR FORMULA: The C=C double bond in each monomer is transformed into a C-C single bond in the polymer. | Properties: ease of forming, clarity, low heat transfer, good thermal insulation. Density: 1. 03-1. 06 g/ccStatistic: In 1999 PS usage as a plastic bottle resin was essentially nil. | Description: Polystyrene can be made into rigid or foamed products. It has a relatively low melting point. Packaging applications: Plates, cups, cutlery, meat trays, egg cartons, carry-out containers, aspirin bottles, compact disc jackets Recycled products: Thermal insulation, light switch plates, egg cartons, vents, rulers, foam packing, carry-out containers Raw Material Manufacturing: Expanded Polystyrene (foam)  is obtained from expandable polystyrene (beads), which is a rigid cellular plastic which contains an expansion agent. Expandable polystyrene is therefore obtained from oil as can be seen from the diagram. The EPS Manufacturing Process is inextricably linked with the process described in the last section, which brought us from the oil well to expandable polystyrene, now we will see what happens in the transformation process that leads us to Expanded Polystyrene foam parts. We have seen that the raw material is obtained through a chemical process. The next process involves the use of physics and the conversion process is carried out in three stages. 1st stage   PRE-EXPANSION: The raw material (beads)  is heated in special machines called pre-expanders with steam at temperatures of approximately 215-f. The density of the material falls from 40lbs/cu ft to values of usually between 1 ~ 2lbs/cu ft. During the process of pre-expansion the raw materials hard beads turns into cellular (foam) plastic beads with small closed cells that hold air in their interior. 2nd stage   INTERMEDIATE MATURING AND STABILIZATION: On cooling, the recently expanded particles form a vacuum in their interior and this must be compensated for by air diffusion. This is how the beads achieve greater mechanical elasticity and improve expansion capacity, something very useful in the following transformation stage. This process is carried out during the materials intermediate maturing in aerated silos or mesh bags. The beads are dried at the same time. 3rd stage   EXPANSION AND FINAL MOLDING: During this stage the stabilized pre-expanded beads are transported to molds where they are again subjected to steam so that the beads bind together. In this way large blocks are obtained block molding   (that are later sectioned to the required shape like boards, panels, cylinders etc. ) or products in their final finished shape shape molding. Execution of moulds and casting alloy The basic steps to the process include: A foam pattern and gating system are made using a foam molding press * The foam pattern and the gating system are glued together to form a cluster of patterns * The cluster is coated with a permeable refractory coating and dried unde r controlled conditions * The dried, coated cluster is invested in a foundry flask with loose, unbonded sand that is vibrated to provide tight compaction * The molten metal is poured on to the top of the gating system which directs the metal throughout the cluster and replaces the foam gating and patterns * The remaining operations such as, shakeout, cut-off, grinding, heat treat, etc. are straightforward and similar to other casting processes. The series and major steps in lost foam casting (LFC) What metals can be poured in the Lost Foam process? Generally, all ferrous and non-ferrous materials can be successfully cast using the Lost Foam process. Because the foam pattern and gating system must be decomposed to produce a casting, metal pouring temperatures above 1000 °F are usually required. Lower temperature metals can be poured, but part size is limited. In addition, very low carbon ferrous castings will require special processing. What size range of parts can be produced by the Lost Foam process? Lost Foam castings can be produced in most all metals from a fraction of a pound up to thousands of pounds. Slightly more advanced techniques are used for very large castings. What type of tooling is required and at what cost? Typically, tooling is composed of a split-cavity machined aluminum die that is the negative mold from which the foam pattern is produced. The tooling is highly specialized and must be constructed by experienced tooling manufacturers familiar with the requirements of the foam molders and foundries. Most tooling for Lost Foam patterns will compare favorably with permanent and die cast tooling. Prototype and simple tools may be in the $3000-5000 range while high-end tooling for complex or very large parts can be in the several hundred thousand dollar range. As a result of the materials used and the process stresses, Lost Foam tools can be expected to have 3 to 4 times the cycle life of permanent mold or die casting tools. What lead times can be expected when ordering a Lost Foam casting? As with all processes, lead times vary greatly depending on part complexity. Generally, 8 to 16 weeks is typical for completed tooling and first castings produced. After casting approval, 6 to 12 weeks is typical for production run startup. Rapid prototyping methods can produce castings in as little as 2 to 3 weeks. What size range of parts can be produced by the Lost Foam process? Lost Foam castings can be produced in most all metals from a fraction of a pound up to thousands of pounds. Slightly more advanced echniques are used for very large castings. What is the cost of using the Lost Foam process? Lost Foam castings are generally more expensive than forged parts, or parts made by other casting processes. The value inherent in the Lost Foam process v ersus other processes is seen in tighter tolerances, weight reduction and as-cast features which all results in less machining and cleanup time. Many castings that require milling, turning, drilling and grinding can be made in the Lost Foam process with only . 020† . 030† of machine stock. It is imperative that the features to be cast are discussed by all parties to determine the net finished product cost. What quantities need to be made to make the Lost Foam process practical? The answer, simply, is not as many as you would think. Tooling amortization is a key factor in this determination. Potential overall savings for your application will aid in your decision. Generally, 500-1000 pieces per year is the minimum production run to be economical. Prototyping runs, however, may be as few as 3-5 pieces for Fabricated Foam patterns or 20-100 pieces for Quick-Cut CNC machined aluminum tooling. Application Lost foam casting  is used mostly for automotive applications. Cast iron, aluminum alloys, steels, nickel and in some cases stainless steel and copper alloys are cast in this process. The flexibility of LFC is useful in making complicated casting assemblies for automotive and other metal cast like cylinder heads, weldments, pump housing, Manifolds for automobile, machine bases, automobiles of product produce from lost foam casting glmmarine. com/ManifoldArticle. html Superior Marine Manifolds Agricultural Equipment Part / Farm Machinery Part Product Description Detail Feature: Product Name: Agricultural equipment part / Farm machinery part   Materials: Grey iron, Ductile Iron, High Chrome iron, resistent ironcarbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, High Manganese steel   Items: FOB NingBo or Shanghai Place of Origin: Ningbo, China Software for specification drawings: PDF, Auto CAD, Solid work, JPG, ProE   Main production equipments: Wax injection, CNC-machine, machine-center, Heat treatment Furnace lost foam casting for yacht gas piping Specifications 1). lost foam casting 2). reliable product quality 3). on time delivery 4). excellent after-sale service 5). 3D design It is designed for the yacht or the ships gas exhaust piping. Materials: pig iron 250 Surface treatment: galvanizing, and spray-paint Weight: 19. 5 KG Color: black Process: lost foam casting Dimensions:360mm*167mm*102mm Certificate: ISO9001:2000 Advantages * Foam is to carve glue and manipulate Can be used for precision castings of ferrous and non-ferrous metals of any size. * Fewer steps are involved in lost foam casting compared to sand casting. * Core making is eliminated. * Binders or other additives and related mixing processes are eliminated. * High dimensional accuracy can be achieved and thin sections can be cast (i. e. 3 mm). * There is lower capital investment. * The flasks used are less expensive and easier to use because they are in one piece. * The need for skilled labor is reduced. * Multiple castings can be combined in one mould to increase pouring efficiency. * Lower operating costs can be achieved for appropriate castings. Complex castings, particularly internal sections, which require high dimensional accuracy and have thin sections, can be produced very cost effectively in comparison with to conventional sand moulding processes. * Fettling and machining is minimized due to high dimensional accuracy and the absence of parting lines or core fins. * The shakeout process is simplified and does not require the heavy machinery required for bonded sand systems. * High levels of sand reuse are possible. As little as 1-2% of the sand is lost as a result of spills. Periodically a portion of sand may need to be removed or reclaimed to avoid the build-up of styrene. * Complex components can be formed where other casting processes would require multiple components to be assembled. Excellent dimensional tolerances for precision casting. * Lower production cost than traditional Green Sand casting. * Castings can be made from 1 pound up to thousands of pounds with no size limitations. * Lost Foam is an environmental ly friendly process. * The sand is un-bonded and can be recovered and re-used at a low cost. * There is lower capital investment. Disadvantages * pattern costs can be high for low volume application * patterns are easily damaged or distorted due to their low strength. If a die is used to create the patterns there is a large initial cost * The pattern coating process is time-consuming, and pattern handling requires great care. Good process control is required as a scrapped casting means replacement not only of the mold but the pattern as well. What type of tooling is required and at what cost? Typically, tooling is composed of a split-cavity machined aluminum die that is the negative mold from which the foam pattern is produced. The tooling is highly specialized and must be constructed by experienced tooling manufacturers familiar with the requirements of the foam molders and foundries. Most tooling for Lost Foam patterns will compare favorably with permanent and die cast tooling. Pr ototype and simple tools may be in the $3000-5000 range while high-end tooling for complex or very large parts can be in the several hundred thousand dollar range. As a result of the materials used and the process stresses, Lost Foam tools can be expected to have 3 to 4 times the cycle life of permanent mold or die casting tools. What â€Å"as-cast† tolerances can be expected? Typically, a linear tolerance of +/-. 005 inches/inch is standard for the Lost Foam process. This tolerance will vary depending on part size, complexity and geometry. Subsequent straightening or coining procedures will often enable even tighter tolerances to be held on critical dimensions. A targeted effort between the foam pattern producer, the casting producer and the casting user will often result in a Lost Foam casting that substantially reduces or completely eliminates previous machining requirements. Diameter Tolerance 0-1 in. [ or -]0. 007 in. 1-3 in. [ or -]0. 15 in. 3-6 in. [ or -]0. 025 in. In the case of diameters split by glue lines, 0. 005-0. 010 in. should be added dependent on foam size. Linear Tolerance 0-2 in. [ or -]0. 005-0. 10 in. 2-5 in. [ or - ]0. 010-0. 20 in. 0-5 in. with glue lines [ or -]0. 025-0. 035 in. Flatness Tolerance Area 3 x 3 in. [ or -]0. 007 in. Area 10 x 10 in. [ or -]0. 015-0. 020 in. More than 10 in. [ or -]0. 030-0. 050 in. Flatness can be affected by the foam, foam geometry, molding cycle control and foam removal. True Position Tolerance 0-2 in. 0. 025 in. 2-4 in. 0. 030 in. 4-10 in. 0. 030-0. 60 in. 10 in. 0. 080 in. Limitations 1. For low volume applications, the pattern costs are relatively high, therefore in order to increase the substantial economic benefits and decrease the pattern costs, only bulk quantities should be produced. 2. Due to their low strength, the patterns are very easily damaged and/or distorted. 3. There is a very high initial cost if a die is used to create the patterns. 4. The coating process is very time consuming as the pattern handling requires great care. Design considerations: Ensure that there is adequate material: Insufficient material usually leads to incomplete castings in the manufacturing of parts. It is important to calculate the volume of all areas f the casting while also accounting for shrinkage. Consider the Superheat: Superheat is the temperature difference between the metal at pouring and freezing. An increase in the superheat can increase the fluidity of the material for the casting, which can assist with its flow into the mold. Insulate Risers: The riser should be the last to solidify because it is the reservoir of molten material for the casting. Therefore insulating the top will greatly reduce cooling in the risers from the steep temperature gradient between the liquid metal of the casting, and the room temperature air. Consider V/A Ratios: V/A ratio represents the volume to surface area ratio. In casting, sections with low volume to surface area will solidify faster than sections with higher volume to surface area. It is therefore important to consider the V/A ratios in order to avoid premature solidification of the casting and the formation of vacancies. Heat Masses: Sections of the casting with low V/A ratios should be located further away from the risers as this will ensure a smooth solidification of the casting. It is important to avoid large heat masses in locations distant to risers. Sections of the Casting: A heavy section should not be fed through a lighter one. In the manufacturing process, the flow of material is very important. Prevent Planes of Weakness: After the solidifications of castings, columnar grain structures pointing toward the center develop in the material. This causes the sharp corners in the casting to develop a plane of weakness. This is prevented by rounding the edges of sharp corners. Reduce Tubulence: Turbulence is bad because it traps gases in the casting material and causes mold erosion. It can be reduced by the design of a gating system that promotes a more laminar flow of the liquid metal. FUTURE EPF can safely be incinerated and will yield only carbon dioxide and water if the procedure is handled correctly, but the trend has been to recycle it wherever possible. EPF can be recycled into  concrete,  egg cartons, office products, foam insulation, and garbage cans. Unfortunately, only one percent of the 11 billion kilograms of EPF thrown away each year is being recycled. The National Polystyrene Recycling Company, which consists of seven major corporations, including Amoco, Dow, and Mobil, plans to increase this to 25 percent by 1995 by focusing on big users of EPF- fast food outlets and college dining establishments. Since the Montreal Protocol of 1988, new research has focused on ways to reduce CFC use, and on developing alternative blowing agents that will not harm the ozone layer. Recent developments include a process that uses pressurized carbon dioxide to produce smaller, more uniform cells. These in turn provide a foam that is stronger and smoother than earlier foams. All this will bring us an uns are U. S. Department of Energy and metal casting industry industries of the future (IOF), University of Alabama-Birmingham and over 30 universities and industry partners. This strategy has significantly improved the use of LFC in the past years. Emphasis is based on universities research with strong industry participation. The direct results of LFC researches are quickly applied by these positioned partner industries and results from the various applications are evaluated and analyzed. 2. Another strategy used is introducing hundreds of students to metal casting industries were they are well trained and becomes more innovative bringing latest technical knowledge and processes. this has tremendously improve state-of-the-heart technology in improving LFC in the past years. 3. Material(s) selection requires a specific type of manufacturing process(s) and different type(s) of casting techniques. The casting materials specific heat as well as that of the mold material will be influential in controlling the thermal gradients in the system. e. g. melts  fluidity and flow. A material high heat of fusion will take longer to solidify and may improve flow characteristics within the casting. 4. Gases being expelled by the material during solidification can be eliminated by a proper venting system in the mold. This can be planned out during the manufacturing design phase of the casting process. WAYS TO IMPROVE LOST FOAM CASTING 1. Development of computational fluid dynamics tool for modeling the blowing and steaming of expandable polystyrene (EPS) pattern for lost foam casting(mathematical tool). it allows analytical approach to systematically design EPS pattern molds that produces higher quality pattern with reduced lead-time and expense. arena-flow. com 2. Reduction of porosity and fold defects has improve production efficiency, mechanical properties and marketability of lost foam casting. 3. The combination of LFC with 3DP (three dimensional printing) to eliminate machining of mold contours and manual process of drilling and finishing steam holes, i. e. repeatedly printing thin layers of bonding materials on a thin layer of powder to build up a tool(mould) shape from computer-aided design(CAD) 4. Complex and detailed passages and other features are cast directly e. g. oil galleries, crank case ventilation channels, oil drain back passage, coolant passage etc are cast directly into cylinder blocks 5. The use of Flow Particle Image Analyzer to analyzed the wet slurry (prior to its application on the foam pattern) by measuring ceramic particle size and shape. 6. Single and multiple air gauge developed for rapid determination of pattern dimension 7. Compaction gauges were developed to measure sand density in cavities during pattern compaction 8. Distortion gauge to determine when and under what conditions pattern distortion occurs during compaction 9. Developed procedures to measure liquid absorption characteristics of liquid pattern pyrolisis 10. Developed instruments to measure gas permeability 11. X-ray radiography was developed to measure time of fill and also to inspect casting qualities and defects in LFC. Material selection is another way to improve the capability for example: * Certain materials react, (particularly in a molten state), a certain way with other materials they may encounter during the casting process. This should always be a consideration. For example liquid aluminum will react readily with iron. Iron ladles and surfaces contacting the molten aluminum can be covered with a spray-on ceramic coating to prevent this. * When selecting a specific type of manufacturing process, remember that certain materials are more applicable to different types of casting techniques than others. * The casting materials specific heat will as well as that of the mold material will be influential in controlling the thermal gradients in the system. Different materials will factor heavily on the melts  fluidity * A material high heat of fusion will take longer to solidify and may improve flow characteristics within the casting * When manufacturing a casting an alloy that freezes over a tempe rature range problems may occur due to the solid phase interfering with the liquid phase -both of which will be present within the temperature range. To help reduce this problem an alloy with a shorter solidification temperature range may be selected to manufacture the casting with. Or select a mold material with a high thermal conductivity, which could reduce the time spent in this range by increasing the cooling rate. Conclusion using the method of casting by lost foam patterns, we can obtain pieces for industry and ornamental elements / applied art, with complex layouts and different sizes, without the danger of offsetting * using the method of casting by lost foam patterns we can obtain pieces with weights between a few kilograms and tenths of tones, with wall’s width between 1 mm and 50 mm, made of different alloys: ferrous (cast iron and steel) and non ferrous (basic alloys of Al, Cu, Mg); * using the method of casting by lost foam patterns we can obtain pieces with a l ow consumption of materials and energy; * The method of casting by lost foam patterns can be used also for: structural changes and superficial alloying of the pieces; obtaining composite materials with powders insertion and the guidance of hardening by using some active powders, internal coolers or exterior coatings. The gases resulted from the thermal destruction of the polystyrene are toxic for the human being and can generate negative effects on the environment, aspect which imposes the obligation of maintaining under control both the evacuation in the working environment as well as the evacuation in the atmosphere. REFERENCES Design for manufacturability handbook   By James G. Bralla , McGraw-Hill Professional, 1999 Technology ; Engineering Energy research at DOE, was it worth it? : energy efficiency and fossil energy research 1978 to 2000, National Academies Press, 2001 Business ; Economics Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems  By Mikell P. Groover, John Wiley and Sons, 2010 Technology ; Engineering A textbook of manufacturing technology: (manufacturing processes)   By R. K. Rajput, Firewall Media, 2008 Technology ; Engineering John Campbell, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003   Technology ; Engineering   technalysis. com/lost_foam_casting. aspx http://civil-engg-world. blogspot. com/2011/02/polystyrene-ps. html achfoam. com/Lost-Foam-Casting-Process. aspx madehow. com/Volume-1/Expanded-Polystyrene-Foam-EPF. html alibaba. com/product-gs/411205184/lost_foam_casting_for_yacht_gas. html? newId=411205184;pn=1;pt=10;t=12;cids= http://nb-pft. en. made-in-china. com/product/HMZxTjlJqEDn/China-Agricultural-Equipment-Part-Farm-Machinery-Part. html nyserda. org/programs/industry/CaseStudies/lost%20foam. pdf

Barn Burning : Familial Bonds And Ethical Choices Essay -- Family, Mot

In Barn Burning, a 10-year old Sartoris Snopes must choose between sticking to his family and making righteous decisions. His father, Abner Snopes, is a Southern tenant farmer who repeatedly burns down the barns of his landlords, so he and his family never stay in one place for too long. During the course of the story, Sartoris vacillates between loyalty to his father and loyalty to society. Ultimately, Sartoris betrays his father by warning the farm owner that his father will burn his barn, getting his father killed. In his short story Barn Burning, Faulkner uses the various characters and their development to elucidate that a familial bond is a substantial force that is difficult to separate from, but breaking the bond is sometimes crucial in order to do what is right. The different characters in the story facilitate in illustrating that family ties are an enormous force in a person’s life and difficult to break. Above all else, Abner believes that family has to stick together since they are all anyone has. Believing that his son was going to turn him in, Abner strikes his son, explaining, â€Å"‘You’re getting to be a man. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you. Do you think either of them, any man there this morning, would?† (408). Having spent his whole life running, Abner has no relationships with anyone outside his family and fears losing his son. It is clear that he is unable to trust anyone, in this case, not even his own son. However, he trusts his family more than anyone else in the world. Sartoris’s sympathetic mother, Lennie, shares Abner’s emphasis on family and is unable to leave Abner, despite greatly contrastin... ... middle of paper ... ...pair remain, he is no longer scared. Like his father had hoped for, Sartoris was becoming a man, just not in the way his father would have imagined. Despite Sartoris being alone at the end of the story, Sartoris made the right choice, and â€Å"did not look back† (417). Sartoris is now free to pursue justice, no longer burdened by his family. Despite the difficulties one must face in order to break family ties, it is sometimes essential to preserve one’s integrity. Full of grief and despair, Sartoris transitions from being a slave to his father’s atrocities to being a virtuous citizen. Principled like his mother, yet determined like his father, Sartoris accomplishes what none of his siblings were able to do: Sartoris escapes his father’s forceful grasp to regain his integrity as a human being. Sartoris liberates himself from the cycle of crime his family imposed on him.

Wilfred Owen's poem, Dulce Et Decrum Est and Tim O'Brien's The Things Research Paper

Wilfred Owen's poem, Dulce Et Decrum Est and Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried deal with two different war - Research Paper Example The main theme that dominates both works is as follows: the realities of war that soldiers on the ground experience contradicts the idealistic view of war promoted by governments / the military. Compare/contrast the approaches and strategies these writers use to explore this theme. The most painful episodes of twentieth century history are its wars. Starting with the losses of the First World War in 1914 the Second World War was even more catastrophic. Then followed the theatre of the Cold War, in which the American military intervened far and wide in the globe. Notable examples include the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The two works in discussion, Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce Et Decrum Est† and Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† talk about two of the several wars of the recent century, namely the First World War and the Vietnam War. The political context, military strategy and technological aids employed in these two wars were quite diffe rent. Yet, their human tragedy remains the same. Separated by half a century, these two conflicts reflected the global geo-political power equations of their respective times. The two authors, far from glorifying war, present the realities of it in all its gory detail. Their works clearly suggest that futility and absurdity are the captions to the phenomenon of war. This view is in opposition to government/military propaganda, which would have its population believe that war is a noble of enterprise, undertaken to promote high values such as democracy, liberty, etc. There is even the preposterous propaganda slogan that ‘War is necessary to achieve peace’. The rest of this essay will flesh out the following thesis: Far from government rhetoric of the purpose and virtue of war, up-close observations of the actual theatre of war show how despairing, absurd and tragic the event is. The poem ‘Dulce Et Decrum Est’ is the best known of Wilfred Owen’s war po etry, the opening lines of which portray the wretched travails of a soldier during the First World War: â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, / Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, / Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs/ And towards our distant rest began to trudge.† (Owen, 1917) There is a palpable atmosphere of gloom and hopelessness that faced soldiers of the First World War and Owen’s poem starkly captures this reality. The genius of Owen is his ability to create art out of this most despairing human experience. The fact that Owen himself succumbed in the war is a powerful testimony to the messages and sentiments expressed in the poem. To place it in historical context, the First World War is one of the major tragic events in twentieth century history. Referred to as the Great War, it accounted for great loss of lives and material resources. For example, the trauma suffered by soldiers is captured in these lines â€Å"In all my dreams, before my helpless sight/ he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.† (Owen, 1917) Dulce Et Decrum Est is remarkable in its ability to move the reader. It also excels in stunning and disturbing the reader’s preconceived notions of war. So, while the shockingly graphic elements in the poem sit uncomfortably in the reader’s mind, it is a sound method for condemning the atrocities of war. Owen’s works in general, including the poem in question, also concern themselves with what he saw as â€Å"poetry's failure to render war's actualities truthfully. In the draft preface written for a projected collection of his war poetry, Owen states, "All a poet can do today is warn. That is why the true Poets must be truthful". (Cyr, p.65) This is a veiled criticism of official government portrayal of war, which largely serves a propagandistic

Compare-Contrast Paper on Ancient Egyptian Arts and Ancient Greek Arts Research

Compare-Contrast on Ancient Egyptian Arts and Ancient Greek Arts - Research Paper Example The ancient Egyptians could have been very concerned on how the characters will be portrayed. The carefulness in drawing the characters involved is very notable. Verily, the stiffness nature of the characters portrayed could make a person say that the characters are just representations and not true. One could not entertain the idea that the characters were drawn or painted in an actual setting. Nevertheless, the ancient Egyptian arts are very attractive. Actually, the stiffness character of ancient Egyptian arts is associated to the beliefs and practices of Egypt’s primitive society. In the past, Egyptians gave importance to the exact portrayal of nature and actual life (â€Å"Art†). Exactness was actually viewed by them in terms of being able to draw the identifying features of the subject’s physical appearance. In such case, it is to be expected that in ancient Egyptian arts, the realistic appearance of an object is not given much attention. With regard to anc ient Greek arts, one could notice the realistic portrayal of the objects and characters involved (Hill; Newby, qtd. in Bispham et al. 49). Every detail of the objects and characters are seriously attended. For instance, in ancient Greek painting involving humans, one could see the lively and natural portrayal of human bodies (Pynt and Higgs 56).

The New Yorker Magazine Essay -- essays research papers

The New Yorker COVER ANALYSIS †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  July, 1966 – The cover of the July 2nd, 1966 edition of The New Yorker includes artwork by Michael Getz. Displaying a show of patriotism, Getz uses the entire portion of the cover to present an illustration of an American flag hanging from the front of a typical upper-middle class designed home. However, other than the title of the magazine and the drawing itself, the only other printed words contained on the cover are the date of the issue and the price of the magazine; 35 cents. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  July, 1986 – The July 7th, 1986 edition of The New Yorker presents a cover with a cartoon illustration of a woman holding a very large birthday/celebration cake. Similar to the rhetoric of the 1966 issue, John Biechman uses the colors of red, white, and blue within the woman’s dress to portray the patriotic feeling of our Independence Day, â€Å"The Fourth of July†. In addition to the American flag colors within the woman’s dress and garment Biechman includes a figure of the Statue of Liberty on top of the cake to further express a feeling of patriotism. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  July, 1996 – The July 8th, 1996 edition of The New Yorker once again includes the theme of nationalism with Jeremy Falcone’s image of the Statue of Liberty holding a â€Å"sparkler† fire work in its hand. Interestingly enough Joseph Pulitzer, founder of The New York World & Pulitzer Prize, was partially responsible for obtaining the statue from the country of France. Pulitzer used his public influence and image to collect nickels & dimes from immigrants, convincing such immigrants the statue would be a symbol of their newly gained freedom. Moreover, even though the price of the magazine has gone from 35 cents in 1966 to $2.95 in 1996, the display and headline of the cover are exactly the same as they were thirty years before (i.e.: Plain and clear title of publication, no preview of articles included, and no running ads on the front page). ADVERTISING ANALYSIS *July, 1966 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol/Gin – A majority, if not over half of all the ads contained within the edition are pertaining to alcohol. In specific, gin appears to be the most popular and targeted liquor of the era, with the theme â€Å"Dryer is Better†. Evidence of how predominant such a theme was is Gancia, an imported Italian Ve... ...milar to that of the New Journalism techniques of the early 1900s. Articles on Medicare and President Policy are not likely to be attractive writings anymore, for The New Yorker seems to have lightened its political agenda with time. Biographies and personal stories have replaced the political articles of the past, as The New Yorker has gone back to its traditional conservative roots as a high-culture/fine arts magazine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, the most predominant theme throughout the publication of The New Yorker has been international travel. Those individuals interested in traveling overseas are usually quite affluent, and are too attracted to the history and art of culture around the world. The overwhelming amount of articles pertaining to foreign culture and arts are complemented by a number of advertisements from airline companies, international hotels, and imported alcohol industries. A great way to analyze a publications ideal audience is to look at the advertisements in-between the fine print. Although changing from time to time, The New Yorker has remained a magazine of high-culture taste, highlighting life’s pleasure of art, travel, and history.

Fourth Amendment Issue Essay

Bailey v. United States In this paper I will be discussing the case of Bailey v. United states. First we will be looking to see all the facts of this case to get a clear view of the issue at hand. Then we’ll cover what the issue is for this case, and why it would be an issue in accordance to the Fourth Amendment. I will make a stance in this paper about if I think the issue at hand is or isn’t a violation of the Fourth Amendment. The decisions of all the courts will be looked at, and their reasonings. These sort of cases are important to the ever living and breathing document that is the Constitution because cases like hese help change, form, and update (so to speak) the rights that we are afforded according to the United States. On July 28th, 2005 the police of Suffolk County received information via a confidential informant that he had purchased drugs. The drug deal was for the amount of six grams of crack cocaine. During the drug deal the informant described that he had seen a firearm in the apartment. The apartment was separate space ofa house located in the basement of 103 Lake Drive in Wyandanch, New York. The information gave further details as such. The exact description of the person he had urchased the guns from; â€Å"[a] heavy set black male with short named known as Polo. † Oustice. org, page 2) The informant also gave the exact details of the type and description of the gun that he had seen in the apartment which was a handgun. On the same day the police went to the Judge on call to obtain a warrant. After proving the credibility of the informant they were able to obtain a â€Å"no-knock† warrant. A â€Å"no-knock† warrant is given when there is an idea that the police going to execute a warrant might be harmed or if there is a chance that the evidence expected to be ollected could be destroyed. The search warrant specified the basement apartment as the location to be searched, and items to be retrieved were the handgun and any ammunition to go along with it. A single Detective was given the task of watching the apartment while the warrant was being obtained to ensure that the officers that were going to execute the warrant would know if any one was in the apartment, and if so how many. The affiant then went to the scene while the search unit got ready to execute the warrant. While they were watching the house the two of them itnessed two individuals that could meet the description of the the informants description of Polo exit from the basement apartment and get into a car. The two officers followed the car fora few blocks before pulling over the vehicle. After the car was stopped the officers asked the two occupants to step out of the vehicle and proceeded to pat them down. After the two identified themselves, the officers confirmed the driver was the Polo, and the occupant was a friend he was driving home. During the stop the officer searched the pockets and found a set of keys in Polo’s front pocket. Polo explained the keys were to his apartment. The officer then office stated that he was being ‘detained’ not arrested incident to the search warrant of the apartment. The officer put the two men into a patrol car that was called in and they were driven to the apartment. The second surveillance officer drove Polo’s car back to the apartment while the first drove the undercover car. By the time they all reached the apartment again the search unit had already entered the home, executing the warrant. A gun and drugs were in plain view when they had entered the apartment. It was then that the Polo and Middleton were arrested. The keys that were found in the front pocket were also seized incident to his arrest along with † two addition guns outside the one in plain view, many rounds of ammunition, a bullet proof vest, 40 grams of crack cocaine,39 grams of powder cocaine, drug paraphernalia, and several documents with the petitioners name on them. Several boxes of personal items that indicated someone had recently moved into the apartment. † The police officers also had tried the keys they had seized from Polo and found that one of the keys opened the door to the apartment. It was in April 2006 that Bailey, â€Å"Polo†, was indicted on the multiple counts for having both drugs and firearms in his apartment. The questioned issue here can be clarified by this statement presented in the government brief. † Whether the Fourth Amendment permitted police officers, incident to the execution of a valid search warrant for a deadly weapon at a private residence, to detain an occupant who left the immediate vicinity of the premises, when the detention was conducted as soon as reasonably practicable. † (americanbar. org). The issue seems to be the fact they the pair were ot in the direct vicinity of the place to be searched when they were initially stopped and detained, nor was the warrant being executed when they were pulled over. The key and the statements were the only things that could absolutely tie the petitioner to the apartment and the drugs and firearms found within it. Bailey moved to suppress the evidence of the key that was seized, and his conversation with the two officers during his stop under the argument that they had illegally detained him. The court said this was a legal stop using the case of Michigan v. Summers (452 U. S. 692 1981)) as an explanation as to why the police had a right to detain Bailey. There are three points to the Summers case that explain why an officer may detain someone during execution of a search warrant; those being † officer safety, aiding the completion of the search, and preventing flight if incriminating evidence is found† (ohioattorneygeneral. gov). The first issue of officer safety is considering the fact that people within the residence may being riled and rise up and try to â€Å"harm the officers in effort to conceal or destroy evidence† (law. cornell. edu). Secondly the dea of aiding officers to complete the search claims those that would be detained, if they were not â€Å"occupants [might] wander around the premises, [and] there is the potential for interference with the execution of the search warrant. They can hide or destroy evidence, seek to distract the officers, or simply get in the way. † (law. ornell. edu) Lastly on this seemingly three pronged test when it comes to the Summers case, is the prevention of flight if evidence is found. It is because of the prosecution using this case’s three pronged test to determine the validity of etaining someone during a search that I take a stand on the side of the defense and say that the detention of Bailey is something that unlawful and violated his fourt h particular car is was not. There are many reasons why, but I can simply look at the three prong test and clearly shred two of their prongs to pieces. There was no real reason for them to pull Bailey over after he left his home and because they did the key they found on his person during the pat down and the confessions he made to the officers are something that should have been left out of the trial. When it comes o the first prong of the Summers test in comparison of the Bailey case it is ridiculous to even believe that from nearly a mile down the road that Bailey would have been able to affect the safety of the officers. It was argued that if they had stopped Bailey just outside the apartment people within the apartment could have been notified of the police and they could have been ready to harm the officers, since it was suspected that weapons were in the home. This is true, however if this were the case why did they not simply stop him as soon as he got around the corner? The second art of the three is the fact that there could be an instance where those in the home being searched could go around and destroy evidence or even hide it. I agree that the police can do their Job far more effectively, and search more thoroughly, if they don’t have to keep an eye on those inside a home. However how can this even apply to Bailey? Bailey and the other person that had been in his house were no longer in it. There was no threat that Bailey nor his companion would have been able to hinder the execution of the search warrant. So to me this prong absolutely does not pply in this case. The final result of the Summers prong is that the person in question could become a flight issue if there were evidence found during the search. This is true, Bailey could have fled and become a flight risk if someone were to tip him off that there were cops searching his apartment. However, this is true of any search warrant ever. This is too broad ofa point when it comes to the detention of people. Does this mean that ten miles across town if a search warrant is being executed that they have a right to find you wherever you are until they are finish with heir search? † If not circumscribed, the rationale of preventing flight would Justify, for instance, detaining a suspect who is 10 miles away, ready to board a plane. The interest in preventing escape from police cannot extend this far without undermining the usual rules for arrest based on probable cause or a brief stop for questioning under standards derived from Terry. † (law. cornell. edu) So in closing I absolutely agree that the detention of Bailey in this case was unlawful and one hundred percent violated his fourth amendment rights. When this ase first went to court this petition to withhold the keys and confession was denied by the District court, and The Second Circuit agreed on this finding.